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In the last 25 years, the fuzzy set theory has been applied in many disciplines such as operations research, management science, control theory, artificial intelligence/expert system, etc. In this volume, methods and applications of crisp, fuzzy and possibilistic multiple objective decision making are first systematically and thoroughly reviewed and classified. This state-of-the-art survey provides readers with a capsule look into the existing methods, and their characteristics and applicability to analysis of fuzzy and possibilistic programming problems. To realize practical fuzzy modelling, it presents solutions for real-world problems including production/manufacturing, location, logistics, environm! ent management, banking/finance, personnel, marketing, accounting, agriculture economics and data analysis. This book is a guided tour through the literature in the rapidly growing fields of operations research and decision making and includes the most up-to-date bibliographical listing of literature on the topic.In the last 25 years, the fuzzy set theory has been applied in many disciplines such as operations research, management science, control theory,artificial intelligence/expert system, etc. In this volume, methods and applications of fuzzy mathematical programming and possibilistic mathematical programming are first systematically and thoroughly reviewed and classified. This state-of-the-art survey provides readers with a capsule look into the existing methods, and their characteristics and applicability to analysis of fuzzy and possibilistic programming problems. To realize practica! l fuzzy modelling, we present solutions for real-world ! problems including production/manufacturing, transportation, assignment, game, environmental management, resource allocation, project investment, banking/finance, and agricultural economics. To improve flexibility and robustness of fuzzy mathematical programming techniques, we also present our expert decision-making support system IFLP which considers and solves all possibilities of a specific domain of (fuzzy) linear programming problems. Basic fuzzy set theories, membership functions, fuzzy decisions, operators and fuzzy arithmetic are introduced with simple numerical examples in aneasy-to-read and easy-to-follow manner. An updated bibliographical listing of 60 books, monographs or conference proceedings, and about 300 selected papers, reports or theses is presented in the end of this study.This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is ava! ilable in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description: Surface sediment samples (0-5cm) from five tidal marshes along the coast of California, USA were analyzed for organic pollutants to investigate their relationship to land use, current distribution within marshes, and possible sources. Among the study areas, Stege Marsh, located in San Francisco Bay, was the most contaminated. Compared to San Francisco Bay, Stege Marsh had much higher levels of organic contaminants such as PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), DDTs, and chlordanes. At reference marshes (Tom's Point and Walker Creek in Tomales Bay), organic contaminants in sediments were very low. While PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) were found at all of the study areas (22-13600ngg^-^1), measurable concentrations of PCBs were found only in the sediments from Stege Marsh (80-9940ngg^-^1). Combustion related (pyrogenic) high mo! lecular weight PAHs were dominant in sediments from Stege and ! Carpinte ria Marshes, while in sediments from Tom's Point and Walker Creek petroleum related (petrogenic) low molecular weight PAHs and alkyl-substituted PAHs were much more abundant than pyrogenic PAHs. PCB congener patterns in all of the Stege Marsh samples were the same and revealed that Aroclor 1248 was a predominant source. In all marshes, the sum of DDE and DDD accounted for more than 90% of total DDTs, indicating that DDT has degraded significantly. The ratios of p,p'-DDE to p,p'-DDD in sediments from Stege Marsh provide evidence of possible previous use of technical DDD. Chlordane ratios indicated that chlordanes have degraded slightly. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (280-32000ngg^-^1) was the most abundant phthalate. The data indicates that Stege Marsh may be a source of contaminants that continue to be discharged into San Francisco Bay. This digital document is a journal article from Chemosphere, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is avai! lable in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.
Description: Surface sediment samples (0-5cm) from 5 tidal salt marshes along the coast in California, USA were analyzed to investigate the occurrence and anthropogenic input of trace metals. Among study areas, Stege Marsh located in the central San Francisco Bay was the most contaminated marsh. Concentrations of metals in Stege Marsh sediments were higher than San Francisco Bay ambient levels. Zinc (55.3-744@mgg^-^1) was the most abundant trace metal and was followed by lead (26.6-273@mgg^-^1). Aluminum normalized enrichment factors revealed that lead was the most anthropogenically impacted metal in all marshes. Enrichment factors of lead in Stege Marsh ranged from 8 to 49 (median=16). Sediments from reference marshes also had high enrichment factors (2-8) for lead, indicating that lead contamination is ubiquitous, possibly due to continuous ! input from atmospherically transported lead that was previousl! y used a s a gasoline additive. Copper, silver, and zinc in Stege Marsh were also enriched by anthropogenic input. Though nickel concentrations in Stege Marsh and reference marshes exceeded sediment quality guidelines, enrichment factors indicated nickel from anthropogenic input was negligible. Presence of nickel-rich source rock such as serpentinite in the San Francisco Bay watershed can explain high levels of nickel in this area. Coefficients of variation were significantly different between anthropogenically impacted and non-impacted metals and might be used as a less conservative indicator for anthropogenic input of metals when enrichment factors are not available. From the children of a dwarf whose house is torn down by the government to a young man selling his blood for money, the first-person narrators of the stories collected in The Voice of the Governor-General and Other Stories of Modern Korea take us into the heart of turbulent twentieth-century Korean history. This hi! story includes colonization by the Japanese, the devastation of the Korean War, and a program of rapid industrialization that exacted the heaviest sacrifice from those already at the economic and political margins of society.
The title story, chillingly told in the voice of the former Japanese governor-general of Korea who dreams of the day when the Japanese empire will flourish again, is a disturbingly acute diagnosis of a society in transition. Throughout these stories we witness the reality of division in Korea and the alienation of man in a society of machines in parallel tales of displaced old men. We experience powerful accounts, from the inside, of people whose lives have been overlooked in the drive for progress. A sense of aloofness in one story contrasts with the bitter humor of another, highlighting the despair of the survivors. This volume is a startling blend of satire, realism, and comedy in the twentieth century.
"The works [of these! authors], as expressions of society in the pangs of moderniz! ation an d industrialism, are indispensable for understanding modern Korean literature as well as modern Korean history, and also present exemplary case studies for many other societies under the compounded pressure of dictatorship, capital industrialism and imperialism throughout the world. . . .
"Chun Kyung-Ja, the expert translator . . . whose Peace Under Heaven I consider to be one of the best translations from modern Korean literature, has done an invaluable service in making these stories available to English-speaking readers."
â€" from the Introduction by Kim UchangSolomon crushes the competition in the fight to follow David as king, and then asks for godly wisdom to rule well. But when his expensive taste for luxury costs the people too much, Israel refuses to allow any future ruler to demand more from them---even if it means breaking the country in two! Enter the palaces of 1 Kings to meet leaders---both good and bad---who rule either for the cause of God ! and his people or for their own selfish pleasures.Solomon crushes the competition in the fight to follow David as king, and then asks for godly wisdom to rule well. But when his expensive taste for luxury costs the people too much, Israel refuses to allow any future ruler to demand more from them---even if it means breaking the country in two! Enter the palaces of 1 Kings to meet leaders---both good and bad---who rule either for the cause of God and his people or for their own selfish pleasures.
